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Caring For The Elderly With Dementia Or Alzheimer s

We were all taught from a young age, that lying is a sin, that it should not be done and nothing good can come from lying. Researchers have come to the conclusion that this is not the case when it comes to caring for the elderly with dementia or Alzheimer s. In most cases lying can be beneficial and therapeutic to people with cognitive diseases and or disorders. Patients with dementia and Alzheimer s generally suffer from something called sundowning syndrome. Laurie udesky from caring.com describes this disease as â€Å"increased agitation and confusion that can occur anytime but may be more noticeable in the late afternoon or early evening.†(sundown syndrome). When a person is agitated they tend to get combative and forget where they are, what they re doing there, and who they are. Some residents often cry out for a deceased family member. A personal example that I have witnessed while working in a nursing home is that when residents start to sundown, they talk about how the y need to go home because there husband and child are waiting for them at home. How do you handle a situation like that without upsetting the patient and making things escalate quickly? Perhaps lying to them is considered bad but it may keep them calm enough to change to a different topic. Therapeutic lying is a term defined as the practice of deliberately deceiving patients for reasons considered in their best interest.(Therapeutic Lieing:A Contradiction in Terms). You have to be careful when usingShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Dementia On Healthcare Services And Society971 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to excessive heat similar to the same way an individual with Alzheimer took his or her clothes off. Dupuis, Wiersma, and Loiselle, (2012), explain that dominant discourses form how behaviours are perceived in the dementia care context and afterward impact the actions used to react to behaviour (p.163). In addition, dominant perception influences the approaches to behaviours can cause much preventable agony for person with dementia who are misconstrued (As cited in Fazio et al., 1999) (p.163).Read MoreThe Difference Between Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease1523 Words   |  7 Pagesthe difference between Dementia and Alzheimer s disease. Dementia is not a disease, it is a term used to describe Neurological conditions that involves some form of serious mental disorder such as memory loss, confusion, and impaired judgment. Alzheimer s is an actual disease , which is a form of Dementia and the most common type of Dementia; it is accountable for 60% - 80% of all cases of Dementia. Dementia has been around for many years dating back to the 1900 s. Dementia refers to a group of symptomsRead MoreDiagnosis Of Alzheimer s Disease1297 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer s disease is a form of dementia generally known for afflicting memory loss. An estimated 5 million Americans suffer from this disease (NIH, 2014). It is not a normal part of aging. Alzheimer’s is common among the elderly, yet surprisingly, two-thirds of the people affected are women. While two thirds affected are women, they are also more likely to be from an African-American or Hispanic descent. Alzheimer s disease is present in 60 to 80 percent of dementia patients (Mayo ClinicRead MoreHealth Promotion Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿DEMENTIA The purpose of this essay is to look at dementia in details and get a clear understanding of the level at which this condition affects the society and how it raises public health concern. According to the NHS Choices (2010), Dementia is said to be a condition that carries a group of related symptoms, associated with an ongoing decline in the performance of the brain and its abilities. This condition affects the individual’s memory, thinking, language, and understanding together with judgmentRead MoreThe Diagnosis Of AlzheimerS Is A Very Important Step Within1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe diagnosis of Alzheimer s is a very important step within the disease. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s could potentially alleviate the symptoms and slow down the disease if treated properly. Tests used in diagnosing the disease are: The MMSE test, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), CT and MRI scans.The Mini Mental State Exam is commonly used to diagnose different types of dementia. The Mini Mental State Exam is commonly used for complaints of memory problems with older individuals â€Å"The MMSE tests a numberRead MoreLong Term Facilities And Their Levels Of Service, And Financing For Individuals Who Are Facing The Challenge Of2902 Words   |  12 Pagespaper will be to explore available long-term services, long-term facilities and their levels of service, and financing for individuals who are facing the challenge of Alzheimer s disease. This is an important topic that affects me personally and professionally as well as having lasting effects on our community. Alzheimer s disease currently ranks as the #6 leading cause of death in the United States and with the Baby Boomer generation currently standing as the largest aging population inRead MoreA Shocking Case Of Elderly Abuse1250 Words   |  5 PagesLast summer, local headlines read, Authorities raid Alzheimer’s personal care home and More Than a Dozen in Custody Following Elder Abuse Investigation. A shocking case of elderly abuse occurred in my own backyard; in a small town just minutes down the road. In the end, the owner and twenty employees of the Alzheimer s Care of Commerce were arrested. Some of the alleged abuse included patients being tied down with bed sheets, being double diapered so that they would not have to be changed asRead MoreForgetting The Past, Focusing On The Future: . How Alzheimer’S1412 Words   |  6 PagesFuture: How Alzheimer’s in the Aging Population Effects Health Care Today Within the next forty years, the United States will spend over $20 trillion dollars in total for patient’s with Alzheimer s (Johns). As the population ages, people become continuously more at risk for Alzheimer’s and other dementias; therefore, it remains crucial to learn about the effects of the aging population and Alzheimer’s on health care today. With the baby boomer generation reaching ages where care and assistanceRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive Degenerative Disease Of The Brain981 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that gradually destroys brain cells, affecting a person’s memory and their ability to learn, make judgments, communicate and carry out basic daily activities. The disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain. It was first described by the German neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1905 (Selkoe, 2016). The average life expectancy of an Alzheimers patient is between five and te n years, but some patients today have live for up to 15 years afterRead MorePhilosophy of Therapeutic Recreation3064 Words   |  13 PagesWhen we observe the demographics of today ¡Ã‚ ¦s society, we notice that there is quite a change in the average age, as well as life expectancy. In 1993, the average life expectancy rose to an amazing 75.5 years, with women living an average of 79 years and men living an average of 72 years (Hawkins, 1996, p. 4). With this gradual rise in age, the idea of therapeutic recreation for the aging population has taken on a significant role. Therapeutic recreation uses recreation and leisure activities to

Christopher columbus 2 Essay Example For Students

Christopher columbus 2 Essay Christopher Columbus is an amazing figure of past history. He was known as the discoverer of America and the first true American. Recent studies have brought up a question if maybe Christopher Columbus is not the hero we where thought to believe in elementary school. Its is proven that Columbus methods of beginning colonies and taking land where cruel and barbaric. Christopher Columbus has turned out to be a different man from what I grew up believing. The first change that was brought to mind was the fashion in which Columbus ascertained the funding and supplies for his initial trip around the other side of the world. Mr. Columbus was quite a sales pitch expert. He wanted to find a passage to China, through unmarked waters. He had to receive funding for the great adventure, which had to be covered by the richest of the rich. The only place he could go would have to be the king of Spain. The fact that Columbus was Italian (a foreigner) he had to definitely make an impression on the king. Another problem was the fact that Columbus had never actually been a captain on a ship, only a passenger. There was also not a huge market for a Trans-Atlantic voyage. The fact that the idea of the world being round was a somewhat new aspect. It was amazing that this trip had started at all. The price of this trip included several boats, manpower, and survival supplies. This was all he needed to do the trip. This was not enough. Christopher wanted 10% commission on all commerce between his discoveries and the mother country, the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea, permanent position of governor of all new territories, and a long list of other personal demands. Columbus understood the importance of helping others get what they wanted. He presented the royalty with dreams of wealth and glory. He even appealed to their desire to spread their religious faith. He demonstrated to them that funding his voyage was the way to get what they wanted most in life. It had taken him seven years in Portugal and seven more years of begging and pleading in Spain. This single-minded passion to get rich had finally paid off when he got his wants and demands covered financially. It is obvious the Columbus was out for the money and not for science or exploration. He was quite the salesman and con man. .

Digital Marketing

Question: Write a report about the social media marketing. Answer: 1.0 Introduction According to Alharbie (2015), marketing is a process or activity in which communication is done between the producer and the customer. This helps an organization to create an awareness of the product or the services. Marketing helps an organization to have a competitive advantage over their organization. In the recent decade social media marketing strategy has evolved as a new form of marketing procedure. Technology has also helped social media marketing to develop at a rapid pace. In this assignment, the researcher has discussed the social media marketing strategy of Optus Communication. The researcher has also analyzed the four-step social model of marketing strategy which will help the organization to reach a new horizon. 1.2 Background of the organization Optus communication is a giant name in the field of telecommunication industry. The organization is the second largest telecommunication company in the field of entertainment and communication industry in Australia (Optus 2016). The organization has started its business in the year 2001 (Optus 2016). Headquarters of Optus Communication is situated at Sydney in Australia. The organization performs its activities under the name of Optus brand. Optus Communication provides mobile services, internet services and along with these, the organization is also diversifying in producing mobile phones. Optus communication is well established in Australia, and the chairperson of the organization is Paul OSullivan. The organization has employee strength of over eight thousand and generates revenue of 8.93 billion Australian dollars (Optus 2016). Optus Communication had started its business back in the year 1981 as a government owned organization. The name of the organization was AUSSAT Pty Ltd and it used to produce satellites for the military services (Optus 2016). The company faced losses in the year 1985 and since then has been converted into a private organization (Optus 2016). After privatization, the organization uses to provide long distance calling facility at a cheaper rate. The organization also built fiber optic cables to connect the local places and provide hassle free services. All these have made Optus communication a favorite among the other competitors. More recently Optus Communication has been able to generate a strong Research and development department to emerge as a leader (Optus 2016). 2.0 Four step model social marketing As stated by Baidya (2014), social media marketing strategy is a popular technique which is used by many organizations in the recent century. Optus Communication has used Social media marketing to reach out to their customers quickly. Social media marketing helps the organization to make aware the mass about their products and services. Social media marketing strategy of Optus Communication is completely different from that of traditional marketing. The organization has divided the social media marketing strategy into four steps. Identifying the goal. Finding out target customers. Setting the benchmark of performances. Scheduling resource management. 2.1.1 Identifying Goal The goal of the Optus Communication is to be the top leader in the field of telecommunication industry. Social media marketing has helped the organization to reach to a number of customers. This will help Optus communication to increase the probable customer potential (Berry 2014). A strong customer base will help Optus Communication to increase its sales. A loyalty of the brand will also be created with the help of Social media marketing. Optus Communication always set goals which are realistic in nature. Within 2017, Optus Communication has a goal to spread across Australia and inform the young generation about their product. According to Cambria et al. (2012), the organization is also targeting to inform near about one million people with the help of social marketing. Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram will help Optus Communication to achieve its goal. Optus Communication also changes its goals based on the performance of social marketing strategies. This is helpful to create a bett er awareness of the product. 2.1.2 Identifying customers Finding out audience is also a challenge for the organization. Different social media have a different group of target customers. Facebook is the best medium for Optus Communication to identify customers. Almost about ninety percent of the population of Australia is connected to Facebook (Carlson and Lee 2015). Promotions and advertising in Facebook will help the organization to increase their customer base. LinkedIn will also help Optus Communication to create corporate customers, and the organization can also create premium customers with the help of LinkedIn. Twitter will also help the organization to reach a large portion of the untapped market. 2.1.3 Setting benchmark performances The benchmark performance of the organization is also an important concern. According to Gupta, Tyagi and Sharma (2013), benchmark is determined by tracing the number of persons who are hitting the site of the organization. Optus Communication keeps a track of the number of hits in a day. Along with these, the number of likes in the group of Optus community on Facebook is also an important benchmark for the organization. Optus Communication has set a minimum like of 100 potential customers in their group on Facebook. Increasing number of Twitter followers, tweets on the comments is also helping Optus communication to increase their customers (Kim and Ko 2012). Increasing group members in LinkedIn is also an indication that the social media marketing strategy is showing a positive movement. Tracking Blog traffic is also helpful for Optus communication to increase its potential customers. 2.1.4 Scheduling resource management Optus Communication is using resource management techniques to utilize the resources at its maximum level. In this stage, Optus communication focuses on setting deadlines for the employees to enhance their social media marketing strategies. Social media marketing strategy of Optus Telecommunication is the part of personal relationship department (Lhr 2013). The organization also has both external and internal human sources to support the marketing strategies. Different employees handle the video editing, community management, and creative work. A well-developed marketing team of the organization is always engaged in finding out innovative social media strategies to attract new customers. 3.0 Social media used by Optus Communication According to Tuten and Solomon (2013), social media marketing strategy has become viral in the recent century. Many organizations are using social media to promote its product and services. Optus Communication has a strong research and development department which is always engaged in producing new products and service. They are also involved in spreading information about their products with the help of websites and different social media. 3.1.1 Website Marketing Website marketing is an important tool which is used in the recent century. In the present scenario, human beings are tech friendly, and they use the internet to get their desired information (Vries, Gensler and Leeflang 2012). In website marketing, Optus Communication gives the details of their product on their website. Even the prices of the products are also given on the website. A new app has been launched by the organization. With the help of this app, customers can buy the products with just a click. These have helped Optus Communication to increase their online sale. The customers are also satisfied as they can buy products without any problem, and the products are being delivered to their desired location. 3.1.2 Facebook promotion Facebook is an effective channel to communicate with the customers. Optus Communication has a Facebook page where all the recent activities of the organization are being posted. Special events like promotion, the launching of the new product, sponsorships by the organization are also being posted in the group (Carlson and Lee 2015). The fan following of the organization is also increasing recently. This shows that Optus Communication is using Facebook to create awareness about the product. 3.1.3 Promotion through YouTube YouTube has also become a popular tool which is being used by the public in their daily activity. Optus Communication has understood the mentality of the people and has created a short film of 5 minutes. In this short clipping, the organization has expressed their strengths and different types of products which the organization produces. This strategy will help Optus Communication to inform people about their product. Along with these, Pop-ups are also being used by the organization to promote their different activities. 3.1.4 Promotion through television and radios Television and radios are used by the organization to promote its product. According to Gupta, Tyagi and Sharma (2013), advertisement in television will quickly attract the attention of the customers, and this procedure is used by the organization. The organization has also sponsored different sports activities to attract customers attention. Radio has also made the marketing attractive by using taglines in a new manner. 4.0 Recommendation To improve social media marketing by using digital flex and banners. A regular monitoring of the content of advertisement will help to promote the product. To introduce a famous personality like sports person or politicians as brand ambassadors. To find out new social media like Instagram to promote the organization and products. 5.0 Conclusion The researcher has thoroughly discussed the different steps which have helped Optus Communication to develop its social marketing strategy. The strategy helps to find out the target customers and identify the goals of the organization. The loyalty to the brand is created with the help of media marketing. The organization has also set up a benchmark with the number of likes in the group. All these have helped Optus Communication to become a strong competitor in the field of the communication industry. References Alharbie, A. 2015, "Business Growth thru Social Media Marketing",International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies,vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 873. Baidya, M. 2014, "Special issue on Social media marketing",Journal of Indian Business Research,vol. 6, no. 1. Berry, K. 2014, "Social Media Marketing Brings New Mortgage Risks",National Mortgage News,vol. 38, no. 34, pp. 1. Cambria, E., Grassi, M., Hussain, A. and Havasi, C. 2012, "Sentic Computing for social media marketing",Multimedia Tools and Applications,vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 557-577. Carlson, A. and Lee, C.C. 2015, "Followership and social media marketing",Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 80. Gupta, A., Tyagi, M. and Sharma, D. 2013, "Use of Social Media Marketing in Healthcare",Journal of Health Management,vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 293-302. Kim, A.J. and Ko, E. 2012, "Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand",Journal of Business Research,vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 1480. Lhr, T. 2013,Social Media-Marketing: Wirkungsweise und Erfolgskontrolle,Diplomica Verlag. Mehrabi, A., Islami, H. and Aghajani, M. 2014, "The Effect of Social Media Marketing on Customers' Brand Loyalty",International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 480. Optus, S. 2016.Optus - Mobile Phones, Broadband Internet, TV, Home Phone, Tablets. [online] Optus.com.au. Available at: https://www.optus.com.au/ [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R. 2013,Social media marketing,Pearson, Upper Saddle River, N.J. Vries, L.d., Gensler, S. and Leeflang, P.S. 2012, "Popularity of Brand Posts on Brand Fan Pages: An Investigation of the Effects of Social Media Marketing",Journal of Interactive Marketing,vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 83.

Chinse Case Study Essay Example

Chinse Case Study Essay How important is the political environment in china for the Darby Company? Explain. Looking at the case, I think the political environment is really important for the Darby Company. As the phone doesn’t contain the state of art technology and it can produce it at cheaper price, the Chinese government has higher chances to walk away with the agreement done with Darby Company and start producing the phone by themselves. This is because the Chinese government has a different political environment compared to other countries. Their economy differs from the economies of most countries belonging to the organization for economic cooperation and development in respects such as structure, government involvement, level of development, growth rate, capital reinvestment, rate of inflation etc. Darby Company should look into the pros and cons before entering into an agreement with the Chinese government. This mainly implies that they need to concentrate more on the political aspect in china. This is because of the stories being told about the Chinese government and not keeping up their word on the agreement. There is so much on stake here and the Darby Company need to consider every minor aspect that comes into account to get into an agreement with the Chinese government. If the contract is been broken by the Chinese government, the Darby company would be in a big mess. They would probably be in losses if the Chinese government tries to break the agreement and do the business by themselves. There is so much to be considered here. Thought the Chinese government has agreed to sign a contract with the Darby Company, there is a chance that it can be broken and it would yield both the parties to the court. We will write a custom essay sample on Chinse Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Chinse Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Chinse Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This would cost a lot to both the companies as the fees would be considered individually. This is an unnecessary loss to the Darby Company and moreover once the technology is known to the Chinese government there is every way that they can start their own production of phones. In conclusion I would say, the Darby Company shouldn’t get into an agreement with the Chinese government as it involves more risk and the future with them is not safe as it involves lot of capital and mutual understanding. 2. If a disagreement arises between the two joint venture partners, how well protected is Darby’s position? Explain. If a disagreement arises between the two joint venture partners, I would say there’s no much loss to the Darby Company. As it’s the Chinese government that has expressed its interest in manufacturing and producing. Saying this, I would also think there’s a substantial loss to the Darby Company as well. China is one of the best growing economy’s in the world and doing a joint venture with them will provide more importance to the product and also the growth of the company. Getting into an agreement would make the product available in one of the best growing countries in Asia. It would also be a stepping stone for capturing the Asian market. Having said the advantages, if a disagreement arises between the two partners I think the Darby Company is quite well protected. It can look up to another partner who is much reliable and safe. Playing safe is any day better compared to playing unsafe? Darby has the capital to invest and has got the technology which would eventually attract more partners. Keeping in mind the above elements they would surely get a better deal and with lot more security. 3. Are the economic and technological environments in china favorable for Darby? Why or why not? No. I think the economic and technological environments in china are not favorable for Darby Company compared to other countries. This is because though China is the second largest economy in the world, it may not be the best in terms of economic and technological environments. This is mainly due to the tough policies of the Chinese government. Limited price reforms have been undertaken with the result that prices for certain commodities are principally determined by market forces. Many of the reforms are unprecedented or experimental and may be subject to revision, change or abolition based on the outcome of such experiments. The Chinese government may cease pursuing a policy of economic reform. The level of imports to and exports from China could be adversely affected by changes to these economic reforms by the Chinese government, as well as by changes in political, economic and social conditions or other relevant policies of the Chinese government, such as changes in laws, regulations or export and import restrictions, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. There I think it’s not a safe bet for Darby considering the economic and technological environments in china.

Hurt Quotes

Hurt Quotes Nobody likes to be hurt. Whether it is physical or mental, pain can be traumatic. Why do we feel so much pain?Throughout history, philosophers, religious thinkers, and intellectuals have tried to decode pain. Medical researchers devote millions of dollars every year to find drugs to alleviate pain. Right from suppressants to sedatives, drugs are designed to numb down pain.But what can we do about emotional pain? How can we not feel hurt when one loses a loved one? Most of us learn to cope with tragedy. We can read inspirational quotes, share our sorrow with a best friend, and grope our way out of the darkness. Some get used to the pain, while others overcome the pain and regain control of their life.If you are going through a difficult phase, and are unable to cope, it is time to realign your thoughts. Dealing with pain is an important part of growing up. We should become mature, wise, and more tolerant with the passage of time. Here are some hurt quotes that echo your hurt feelings. Heed good advice, and walk your way out of pain. Jane FondaWhen you cant remember why youre hurt, thats when youre healed. Colin RayeI laugh, I love, I hope, I try, I hurt, I need, I fear, I cry. And I know you do the same things too, So were really not that different, me and you. Peace PilgrimDo not suppress it-that would hurt you inside. Do not express it-this would not only hurt you inside, it would cause ripples in your surroundings. What you do is transform it. Bill ClaytonThe folks you help wont remember it and the folks you hurt wont ever forget it. Leo BuscagliaDont hold to anger, hurt or pain. They steal your energy and keep you from love. Mahatma GandhiNobody can hurt me without my permission. Theodore Isaac RubinI must learn to love the fool in me the one who feels too much, talks too much, takes too many chances, wins sometimes and loses often, lacks self-control, loves and hates, hurts and gets hurt, promises and breaks promises, laughs and cries. Mother TeresaI have found the paradox that if I love until it hurts, th en there is no hurt, but only more love. C. S. LewisI have learned now that while those who speak about one’s miseries usually hurt, those who keep silence hurt more. Anthony HopkinsWhy love if losing hurts so much? I have no answers anymore; only the life I have lived. The pain now is part of the happiness then. Louis NizerWe are slow to believe that which if believed would hurt our feelings. SenecaWe are more often frightened than hurt; and we suffer more from imagination than from reality. Sarah McLachlanIf you love large, youve got to hurt large. If youve got a lot of light, youve probably got an equal amount of darkness.Diogenes Of what use is a philosopher who doesnt hurt anybodys feelings? Harry CrewsThere is something beautiful about all scars of whatever nature. A scar means the hurt is over, the wound is closed and healed, done with. Sheryl SwoopesNo matter how far life pushes you down, no matter how much you hurt, you can always bounce back.Joan Lunden Holding on to anger, resentment and hurt only gives y ou tense muscles, a headache and a sore jaw from clenching your teeth. Forgiveness gives you back the laughter and the lightness in your life. Armand HammerRegrets and recriminations only hurt your soul. Jessamyn WestIve done more harm by the falseness of trying to please than by the honesty of trying to hurt Jim BakkerI feel like God has forgiven me of so much, that I will forgive everyone who has hurt us. Mother TeresaLove, to be real, must cost - it must hurt - it must empty us of self. George Bernard ShawCruelty would be delicious if one could only find some sort of cruelty that didnt really hurt. Erma BombeckThere is a thin line that separates laughter and pain, comedy and tragedy, humor and hurt. Charles M. SchulzAll you need is love. But a little chocolate now and then doesnt hurt. Mark TwainIt takes your enemy and your friend, working together to hurt you to the heart; the one to slander you and the other to get the news to you. Alexis CarrelEveryone makes a greater effort to hurt other people than to help himself. B. Graham DienertMany people pray as if God were a big aspirin pill; they come only when they hurt. T homas MertonThe truth that many people never understand, until it is too late, is that the more you try to avoid suffering the more you suffer because smaller and more insignificant things begin to torture you in proportion to your fear of being hurt. Abraham LincolnA woman is the only thing I am afraid of that I know will not hurt me. Lewis B. SmedesYou will know that forgiveness has begun when you recall those who hurt you and feel the power to wish them well. Vince LombardiIf you can accept losing you cant win. If you can walk you can run. No one is ever hurt. Hurt is in your mind. Terry BrooksHurt leads to bitterness, bitterness to anger, travel too far that road and the way is lost. Oscar LevantIt’s not what your are, it’s what you don’t become that hurts. Sarah McLachlanHold on, hold on to yourself, for this is gonna hurt like hell. SocratesSlanderers do not hurt me because they do not hit me. Oscar WildeIt often happens that the real tragedies of life occur in such an inartistic manner that they hurt us by their crude violence, their absolute incoherence, their absurd want of meaning, their entire lack of style. SenecaWe are more often frightened than hurt; and we suffer more from imagination than from reality. Angelina JolieI dont believe in guilt, I believe in living on impulse as long as you never intentionally hurt another person, and dont judge people in your life. I think you should live completely free. Ann RichardsIve always said that in politics, your enemies cant hurt you, but your friends will kill you. Drew BarrymoreI want people to love me, but its not going to hurt me if they dont. African ProverbWhen there is no enemy within, the enemies outside cannot hurt you. Dalai LamaOur prime purpose in this life is to help others. And if you cant help them, at least dont hurt them.

Structure of Homeland Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Structure of Homeland Security - Research Paper Example The paper sheds light on what aspects of U.S response people feel have been successful and effective, and those that have been less effective or counter-productive. How did 9/11 attack affect your sense of security? Reactions from respondents show that people feel insecure after the 9/11 terrorist attack. Unexpectedness amplifies fear of terrorist attacks. This makes people feel highly vulnerable to similar terrorist attacks. People who were in the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon were caught unawares by the attack and so many lost their lives to the deadly act. Memories of the massive loss of lives and damage of property are still vivid in the minds of people (Barkun, 2011). Despite the government's efforts in reassuring and guaranteeing the safety of its citizens, many cannot help doubting the possibility of a repeat. What is your perception of the US government towards 9/11 attack? The government of the United States of America responded quickly to the attack. Provisions and am endments that will help curb future terrorist attacks on America are some of the initial government responses. Such included interception of communication between suspected individuals. This extended to telephone calls and other devices of communication including computer. Subsequently, America invaded Afghanistan and this war has continued for a long time since it begun. America also launched a global campaign against terrorists and terrorism, leading to the subsequent invasion of Iraq (Viotti, et. al., 2008). Most significantly, the Homeland Security emerged to protect American citizens against terrorist attacks. Many respondents applaud these responses by the government. They are confident that these efforts are for the good of all American citizens. The creation of the Homeland Security Department stands out. The respondents confirmed that thanks to the department, they are more assured of security and safety on their soil. The sight of officers checking all terminals of transpo rt, and more so in airports, reminds them of the government’s commitment to protect them (Barkun, 2011). There have been reservations with America’s decision to take on Afghanistan and Iraq marking them as the primary breeding grounds for terrorists and terrorism. Although some respondents acknowledge that many of the terrorists come from these countries, they hold that to a considerable extent, America has overreacted. So many lives perish in the wars. Opponents believe that this loss is not necessary. They move that these reactions are extreme and amount to counter-terrorism (White, 2012). It follows that there are innocent victims of these wars suffering the same fate as their American counterparts. Is 'war on terror' a suitable term? Many respondents felt the war on terrorism is an appropriate term. Terror need not be coming from a country on to another. It can originate from individuals or groups either within or outside the country. Reaction to terrorist attacks can as well be described as fight (or war) against terrorism. Nevertheless, they are adamant that even if all nations came together, it is quite impossible to eliminate terrorism. Curbing terrorism is rather possible, and government efforts so far have succeeded significantly. Security checks at transport terminals, deployment of more security forces on the boarders, installation of surveillance cameras and legislation regarding the fight

The factors restraining investment in the oil and gas industry Dissertation

The factors restraining investment in the oil and gas industry - Dissertation Example Investment is an important source of capital for growth in the developing countries. It provides a package of new technologies, management techniques, finance and market access for the production of goods and services; and thus contributes significantly to raise the productivity in the host countries in attaining their overall economic growth. An investment is been determined by balance, opportunity, and risk, which are relative concepts, especially with respect to Exploration activities. Opportunity involved in finding commercial quantities of oil and gas, the intensive capital required for undertaking exploration and production result in significant business risks. In many developing countries, the transformation from an agricultural and resource based economy to the export-led economy has contributed to higher energy consumption. Although they are oil & gas reserves located in those countries; very few had sufficient financial resources for the upstream investments, especially for the development of oil & gas exploration and production. Government can promote investment opportunity by adopting a proactive approach to selecting foreign partner towards improving entry procedure moreover, reducing red tape in oil and gas sector operation. However, many countries had granted development rights to foreign Companies, which have adequate capital, technology, and expertise; still some foreign Companies are not investing in those countries for many reasons.

Compare an revolution to civil war Research Paper

Compare an revolution to civil war - Research Paper Example The similarities and differences are also stated and explained. Revolution may be caused by army and rebellious groups with a certain motive which will be of their advantages. This leads to the major types of revolutions that are experienced globally. The first one is the violent and sudden revolution that seeks to transform the entire nation establishing new political systems that prioritize the citizens’ issues. The other revolutions are the political revolutions in which the government is replaced but other structures like property relations are left intact. The best example of such a revolution is the French revolution that happened in 1830 and 1848. Political revolutions entail mass mobilization and more fundamental economic, cultural and social change (Briton, 12). The final types of revolutions involve the sweeping but slow changes of the entire society that take several generations to be embraced globally or in a certain nation. One example is the religion which is spread out from one generation to another in the changing of people’s beliefs. The other example that has being evident globally is the industrial revolution which has been gradually embraced by nations to develop various machines. Industrial Revolution in Britain was really propelled by the development of a steam engine that would enable the pumping of water from coal mines thus enabling deeper mining in the ground (Downing, 7). The one cause that leads to rising of revolution in any nation is when democracy is undermined and collapsed by the reigning regime. Undermining of democracy could be a result of the authoritarian leadership. This leadership does not give the citizens the freedom to express their grievances forward to be met by the people in power. This contends that for a country to expand economically and reduce the rise of revolution there has to be a strong, independent middle class that entails rational legal

Legacy of Qin Shi Huangdi

Legacy of Qin Shi Huangdi Legalism is a belief system that emerged in Ancient China during the era of the Warring States (771-221 B.C.), during which several viewpoints for reestablishing peace within China were competing following societal disorder. It was an approach defined by extreme methods, goals, and strict adherence to law. Under this political philosophy, human nature was perceived as evil and therefore heavy restraints were to be placed on humans. The laws established during this period were meant to be easily understandable, punishments threatening, and rewards prompt so that people decided to do exactly what the government asked of them(Major). Under legalism, a highly efficient and powerful government was believed to be fundamental to maintaining stability. Any disobedience was to be met with harsh punishments to make it less appealing for people to choose to be disobedient, while the well execution of duties by people was to be rewarded to encourage such complying behavior. It was not until Shi Huangdi came to the throne in 246 B.C., did Legalist ideology gain favor and actually be implemented in China. The first emperor used 4 methods to rule and unify China effectively, of which were centralization, standardization, censorship, and human rights abuse. One of these practices, censorship, helped accomplish its goal of unifying China by discouraging the presence of controversy which slows down the integration of society. Censorship is an important indicator for the presence of Legalism and it seems apparent that it has increased from Ancient China in terms of complexity. While Modern China, no longer reflects the extent to which Legalism has been prevalent in Ancient China, it, a country that lacks media freedom, still is imprinted with the main aspects associated with this philosophy. Censorship is the practice of officially examining books, movies, written works, and other objects in order to suppress unacceptable or objectionable parts. The purpose of this is to discourage opinion that may be detrimental to the government and is able to cause debate. In Ancient China, Legalist used censorship to control ideas, actions, and peoples behavior. One way they showed use of it was by ordering a campaign in 213 B.C. for confiscating and burning books in private hands that were harmful toward the government (Major). Another more serious action that illustrates the back-then use of censorship was Huangdis burial of Confucian scholars alive in the capital after learning about their dissent toward his policies. Therefore, censorship allowed individuals that go against the government in any way or caused disputes in society to be easily removed. Without any amount of censorship, people can be easily persuaded by materials used to convey opinion and the government would face difficulty in controlling its citizens. Today, the Great Firewall of China is the technology that the Chinese government uses to block access to material it finds inappropriate on the web (Olesen). Chinese Internet users are restricted with this from having the freedom to view certain search results fully, have discussions on certain topic, and to be able to express any comments freely. According to an academic cooperative, China has the worlds most sophisticated internet filtering system, and the Chinese government is arguably the worlds best at controlling what is people see (Wiseman). This is due to the Chinese governments intolerance of dissent that can be easily found when viewing information on the web. Internet freedom is important because as President Obama stated, the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable (Scherer). The Chinese government would be likely to disagree and apparently would want th eir citizens to be constrained as on the web to lessen their power and influence, to make the government more powerful and dominating over them as during the Legalist era when citizens were represented as powerless, insignificant government workers. Accessing data on sensitive as well as controversial subjects is difficult with the Chinese monitoring all incoming and outgoing traffic on the web. An example of a specialized search engine for China that filters results effectively on such topics is Google China. With this website, when users type in Tiananmen Square, they will receive only the tourist images of the place and not the images of the 1989 protests for democratic reform there that ended up in a violent crackdown by the Chinese government (Wiseman). This reveals how the Chinese government is reluctant to have certain information online because it can be used to persuade them to take blame for something; the government tries to act as if less responsible for an event that we nt wrong when they previously intervened in it. Therefore, China uses propaganda officials who send out teams of commentators to post patriotic messages on websites and online bulletin boards to encourage the spread of nationalist opinion and/or positive feedback by citizens to the government (Edward). This helps show how the government tries to hide information it feels shouldnt be shared with information thats more likely to encourage positive attitude toward the government. Censorship efforts are also seen on television in China, where they are used to limit foreign ideas swaying citizens. Because the news media is not privatized, but managed by the government, the government has more power than citizens and has the ability to force media stations to use only approved news stories rather than any criticizing Chinas government (Haugen). Publishing or broadcasting on television anything that is distasteful to the Chinese government is illegal in the nation and can lead to imprisonment (Haugen). Again, these laws help protect the Chinese government more than the governments citizens, which would have been supported by the Legalists. An example of TV censorship that occurred this month was during President Obamas visit to China. After American officials negotiated to have the Chinese set aside live nationwide broadcast time for the presidents town hall with Chinese student, China still refused to follow their requests, and the event was shown later on TV (S cherer). This gave time for Chinese officials to edit the speech. When the president addressed the world in his inaugural and reached a line in his speech describing communism, the live broadcast in China was cut off and later versions of the speech had this part censored (Edward). Another line edited spoke to countries that imposed censorship policies to prevent criticism of their government. China might have censored such presidential comments to lessen the influence from Western values and to block out any sort of persuasion that might cause its citizens to do actions other cultures support but are unwelcome in China as they break with traditional Chinese values. This suggests China still has a hint of isolationism attitude toward other nations as it did have in the Legalist era and doesnt want to blend in with other countries as blending in would fade away traditional principles. Censorship is used to prevent Chinese citizens from complying with other nations other than China. Although the philosophy of Legalism isnt prevailing as it was in Ancient China, the heavy presence of media censorship on the Internet, television, and on foreign ideas, in China today, reveals that there is still a lasting impact from legalism that can noticed. If there wasnt any presence of Legalism, then, modern Chinese government would have been drastically different as citizens would have much more power than the government. But it isnt in a country that lacks essential media freedom. Bibliography Edward, Jonathan Ansfield. Chinese TV Censors Part of Address by Obama. The New York Times. 22 Jan. 2009. 13 Nov. 2009 . Haugen, David M. China: Opposing Viewpoints. Farmington Hills: Greenhaven, 2006. Major, John S. The Land and People of China. Lippincott, 1989. Olesen, Alexa. Chinese Censors Block Obamas Call to Free Web. Time. 16 Nov. 2009. 19 Nov. 2009 . Scherer, Michael. Could Obama Get Around Chinas Great Firewall? Time. 16 Nov. 2009. 19 Nov. 2009 . Wiseman, Paul. Cracking the Great Firewall of Chinas Web Censorship. USA Today. 23 Apr. 2008. 13 Nov. 2009 .

Chaos and Literary Comparison Essay -- compare and contrast essay examp

Chaos and Literary Comparison   Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: I will show how chaos is can be found in art, specifically in literature, and analyze John Hawkes's Travesty to show the similarities between literature and chaos.    John Hawkes describes the "artistic challenge" as conceiving the inconceivable. In accordance with that thought, Wallace Stevens says, "Imagination is the power that enables us to perceive the normal in the abnormal." It is arguable that chaos, deterministic disorder, is both abnormal and inconceivable to the untrained mind; even to the person accustomed to chaos, the imagination is key to his/her perception of chaos. Therefore, chaos can be found not only in nature and scientific studies, but also in art, specifically literature. This assertion can be proved most easily through an analysis of John Hawkes's Travesty.    The short novel takes place in a speeding elegant sports car. The driver, who is the narrator, refers to himself as Papa. Papa is driving his daughter and a poet and family "friend," Henri. While driving, Papa informs them that he is aware of Henri's affair with both Papa's daughter and wife, and he is going to crash the car and all of its passengers into the stone wall of a desolate farmhouse. His purpose for this violent action is not, as would be easily concluded, to get revenge--that would simply be a bonus; his real purpose is to produce art. Papa is somewhat of an artist, and he has decided that the ultimate aesthetic is produced by the melding of the automobile into a new complex array according to his mental blueprint:    One moment the car in perfect condition, without so much as a scratch on its curving surface the next moment impact, sheer impact. Total destruction. In... ...s difficult to understand without the help of an active imagination. If imagination spurs art, then art and chaos can be easily intertwined. Hawkes has produced a story, a piece of art in itself, that incubuses chaos, but it also contains an explanation of chaos as artwork and how the two relate. Often people only see the final product of both chaos and art; it is possible and easy to forget about the process and the plan behind them.    Works Cited Conte, Joseph M. "Design and Debris": John Hawkes's Travesty, Chaos Theory, and the Swerve. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Viking, 1987. Hawkes, John. Travesty. New York: New Directions, 1976. Hayles, N. Katherine. Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Contemporary Literature and Science. Ithica: Cornell UP, 1990. Stevens, Wallace. The Collected Poems. New York: Knopf, 1954.

Nature verses nurture Essay

The nature versus nurture debate is an argument over whether nature plays a primary role in the development of an individual (heredity), or the environment (nurture). Nature, as understood by Psychologists, refers to physical characteristics that are biologically inherited, such as the color of skin, eye or texture of hair. Nurture on the other hand, refers to environmental influences after conception, such as our experiences (McLeod 2011). The debate has been controversial and ongoing for decades; Psychologists have tried to determine whether a person’s development is predisposed by DNA or his environment. So the questions exists, is it inherited gene or is it the driving force such as upbringing and nurturing from parents and caregivers that influences a child to grow up to become a lawyer, doctor, or a professional athlete. Both theories are essentially at opposite ends of the spectrum. Those who adopt an extreme hereditary approach (nativists) are of the belief that the characteristics or the human specie are a product of evolution and that our individual differences are due to the unique genetic makeup of the individual. At the opposite end of the spectrum, are environmentalists (empiricists) who believe that at birth the human mind is a blank slate that during development is gradually filled with our experiences (McLeod, 2007). In this paper we will look to two studies exploring the controversial nature versus nurture debate, make comparisons between them and discuss the conclusion of each study. John Bowlby (1907-1990) was a psychoanalyst who believed that mental health and behavioral problems could be attributed to early childhood. In his evolutionary Theory of Attachment developed after World War II, he suggests that children come into the world â€Å"biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others,† as this is a means of survival. According to his original theory, infants have a universal need to seek close proximity with their caregiver. He observed that children experience intense distress when separated from their mothers and this shaped his belief that there is a fundamental link between early infant separations with the mother and later maladjustment (McLeod, 2009). Many subsequent theories have developed in support of this theory; Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson in 1964, studied 60 babies at monthly intervals for the first 18 months of life. The children were all studied in their own home and involved visiting the babies monthly for approximately one year. During this time, the caregivers were interviewed and all interactions with the babies were observed (McLeod, 2009). In contrast, Albert Bandura developed the Social Learning Theory in support of the nurture debate. He believed that people learn from each other through the process of observation, imitation and modeling. In 1961 he conducted an experiment called the â€Å"Bobo Doll Experiment,† to investigate if social behaviors can be acquired by imitation. The methodology of his study involved testing 36 boys and girls from the Stanford University Nursery School between the ages of three and six years. One male and female adult role model was chosen to demonstrate aggressive behavior. 24 boys and girls were allowed to watch a role model behaving aggressively towards a toy called a â€Å"Bobo doll. † The adults were told to attack the doll in destructive way, using hands, feet, weapons, or abusive language. Another 24 children were exposed to a non-aggressive model and the final 24 children were used as a controlled group and not exposed to any model or aggressive behavior at all. All the children were tested individually through three stages; â€Å"modeling, aggression arousal and delayed imitation† (McLeod, 2011). When the two studies are compared, many differences can be identified, but only a few similarities. In both studies, the subjects used were children. The researchers used an observational approach to undertake their study, the results of which support each theory. During both studies, the subjects were observed during normal activities and their behaviors evaluated through a series of stages. The first identifiable difference between studies was the type of study undertaken. A longitudinal study was undertaken in The Attachment Theory. It was conducted over a period of 18 months; while the Social Learning Theory was an experiment conducted over one day using matched pairs design. The second difference between studies was where they took place: the Attachment Theory studied infants in their own homes, while the Social Learning Theory conducted the experiment in a play nursery. Children at different ages were used in both studies: from birth to 18 months in the Attachment Theory, and from three to six years in the Social Learning Theory. In the Social Learning Theory experiment, all the children were pre-tested for aggression before the behavior was introduced to one group. No behavior was introduced in the Attachment Theory study, infants were observed in their normal routine and daily interactions. One final observable difference between the studies was that a controlled group was used in the â€Å"Bobo Doll Experiment† of The Social Learning Theory, while no controlled group was used in the Attachment Theory study (McLeod 2009, 2011). The Attachment Theory study results indicate that babies develop attachment in the following sequence: (1) up to three months of age where the baby responds equally to any caregiver, (2) after four months where there is a preference for certain people, (3) after seven months where there is a special preference for a single attachment figure, (4) and after nine months where they develop multiple attachments. The conclusion of the study proved babies look to particular people for security, comfort and protection. Fear and unhappiness is shown when separated from that special person. According to the study the most important thing in forming attachment is not who feeds and changes the child, but who plays and communicates with him or her (McLeod, 2009). In the second study, the â€Å"Bobo Doll Experiment† findings supported Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. Children learn social behavior such as aggression through the process of observation learning, i.e. watching the behavior of another person. During the â€Å"experiment† the children exposed to the violent model tended to imitate the exact behavior they had observed when the adult left the room. The children in the non-aggressive group behave less aggressively than those in the control group, and boys behaved more aggressively than girls. The study also showed that boys who observed an adult male behaving violently were more influenced than those who had observed a female model aggressive behavior. Boys were more likely to imitate physical acts of violence, while girls were more likely to imitate verbal aggression (McLeod, 2011). Many experts believe today, that behavior and development are influenced by both nature and nurture; one does not exist without the other. Some psychologists believe that learning continues even through adulthood. While few people take the extreme inherited or extreme environmental approach, researchers and experts are now consumed with the degree to which biology and environment influence behavior. References McLeod, S. A. (2011). Albert Bandura/ Social learning theory- Simply psychology. Retrieved 10/01/2013 from http://www. simplypsychology. org/baddura. html McLeod, S. A. (2009). Attachment Theory – Simply psychology. Retrieved 10/04/2013 from http://www. simplypsychology. org/attachment. html McLeod, S. A. (2011). Bobo Doll Experiment- Simply psychology. Retrieved 10/03/2013 from http://www. simplypsychology. org/bobo-doll. html McLeod, S. A. (2011). Nature Nurture in Psychology- Simply psychology. Retrieved 10/05/2013 from http://www. simplypsychology. org/naturevsnurture. html.

Class Identity in Feudal Japan - Fun Facts and Examples

Class Identity in Feudal Japan s Feudal Japan had a four-tiered social structure based on the principle of military preparedness. At the top were the daimyo and their samurai retainers. Three varieties of commoners stood below the samurai: farmers, craftsmen, and merchants. Other people were excluded entirely from the hierarchy, and assigned to unpleasant or unclean duties such as leather tanning, butchering animals and executing condemned criminals.  They are politely known as burakumin, or people of the village. In its basic outline, this system seems very rigid and absolute. However, the system was both more fluid and more interesting than the short description implies. Here are some examples of how the feudal Japanese social system actually functioned in peoples daily lives. If a woman from a common family got engaged to a samurai, she could be officially adopted by a second samurai family. This circumvented the ban on commoners and samurai intermarrying. When a horse, ox or other large farm animal died, it became the property of the local outcasts. It did not matter if the animal had been the personal property of a farmer, or if its body was on a daimyos land; once it was dead, only the eta had any right to it. For more than 200 years, from 1600 to 1868, the entire Japanese social structure revolved around support of the samurai military establishment. During that time period, though, there were no major wars. Most samurai served as bureaucrats. The samurai class basically lived on a form of social security. They were paid a set stipend, in rice, and did not get raises for cost-of-living increases. As a result, some samurai families had to turn to the manufacture of small goods like umbrellas or toothpicks to make a living. They would secretly pass these items on to peddlers to sell. Although there were separate laws for the samurai class, most laws applied to all three types of commoners equally. Samurai and commoners even had different kinds of mailing addresses. The commoners were identified by which imperial province they lived in, while samurai were identified by which daimyos domain they served. Commoners who tried unsuccessfully to commit suicide because of love were considered criminals, but they could not be executed. (That would just give them their wish, right?) So, they became outcast non-persons, or hinin, instead. Being an outcast wasnt necessarily a grinding existence. One headman of the Edo (Tokyo) outcasts, named Danzaemon, wore two swords like a samurai and enjoyed the privileges normally associated with a minor daimyo. To maintain the distinction between samurai and commoners, the government conducted raids called sword hunts or katanagari. Commoners discovered with swords, daggers or firearms would be put to death. Of course, this also discouraged peasant uprisings. Commoners were not allowed to have surnames (family names) unless they had been awarded one for special service to their daimyo. Although the eta class of outcasts was associated with the disposal of animal carcasses and the execution of criminals, most actually made their living by farming. Their unclean duties were just a side-line. Still, they could not be considered in the same class as commoner farmers, because they were outcasts. People with Hansens disease (also called leprosy) lived segregated in the hinin community. However, on the Lunar New Year and Midsummers Eve, they would go out into the city to perform monoyoshi (a celebration ritual) in front of peoples homes. The townspeople then rewarded them with food or cash. As with the western Halloween tradition, if the reward was not sufficient, the lepers would play a prank or steal something. Blind Japanese remained in the class to which they were born - samurai, farmer, etc. - so long as they stayed in the family home. If they ventured out to work as story-tellers, masseurs, or beggers, then they had to join the blind persons guild, which was a self-governing social group outside of the four-tier system. Some commoners, called gomune, took on the role of wandering performers and beggers that would normally have been within the outcasts domain. As soon as the gomune stopped begging and settled down to farming or craft-work, however, they regained their status as commoners. They were not condemned to remain outcasts. Source Howell, David L. Geographies of Identity in Nineteenth-Century Japan, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

Free Essays on A Clean, Well-Lighted Place

, there are two different attitudes toward the problem of old age: loneliness and communication between old and young people. The older waiter represents the older generation, and the younger waiter represents the younger generation. The older waiter is as lonely as the old man , they are in the same boat; that why older waiter understands the client’s feelings like his own. Even though he has only one cl... Free Essays on A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Free Essays on A Clean, Well-Lighted Place The â€Å"Generation Gap† the relationship between the young and the old people. One would think that nothing could break the harmony between the parents and their children. The relationship between parents and children sometimes causes a conflict . A long time ago children used to follow the track of their parents. However, with the appearance of new technologies and the relationship between cities and countries, children get more free doing in choosing their own tracks in life which are different from those of their parents. For example, in the United State of America, family is most important and valuable . Parents try to provide all the necessary conditions for the safe and modern development of their kids. Both the parents and the system of education since early childhood develop independence in making decisions and their actions in the children . The story â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place†, written by Ernest Hemingway shows the reader the problems between the young and old the generations. The story tells about an old man who sits in the cafe very late every night and drinks alcohol. The old man likes to sit outside the cafe rather than inside. He wants to have company; he tries to escape from loneliness. Maybe once he had family, but now he has only a niece who visits him quite seldom. He feels desperate and sad to stay alone in his apartment. The old man feels like a dead person, and helpless. The old man is only a subject, a passive figure; furthermore, he is the reason for the dialog between two waiters. In other words, there are two different attitudes toward the problem of old age: loneliness and communication between old and young people. The older waiter represents the older generation, and the younger waiter represents the younger generation. The older waiter is as lonely as the old man , they are in the same boat; that why older waiter understands the client’s feelings like his own. Even though he has only one cl...

Healthcare Quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Healthcare Quality - Research Paper Example Third, a high quality health care system is patient-centered. This concept encompasses respect for patients values, preferences, and expressed needs; coordination and integration of care; information, communication, and education; physical comfort; emotional support and involvement of family and friends. Fourth, high quality health care implies care that is delivered in a timely manner. A high quality health care system is efficient. It should use resources to obtain the best value for the money spent. Lastly, a high quality health care system is equitable and based on the patients’ needs (Lighter & Fair, 2004). Information and communication technology is integral to achieving substantial quality improvement. Information technology infrastructure supports health care delivery, consumer health, quality measurement and improvement, public accountability, clinical and health services research, and clinical education. New technology will enable improved healthcare by providing pharmaceutical therapies, diagnostic and medical devices, and surgical procedures have been introduced that help improve the recovery of patients. Use of information technology will also improve on health delivery to patients. Medical practitioners will use computers to record patients’ medical history and check if they are administering correct treatment. Results of laboratory tests, records of vital signs and medical orders can be put into a main database that can be referred to later (Lighter & Fair, 2004). Good quality healthcare system can be provided at lower costs. This can be achieved by administering cheaper drugs. Expensive antibiotics can be effective just as cheaper drugs. Outpatient drug treatment can be effective and reduce costs compared to in patient basis. Using drugs to prevent opportunistic illnesses such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV patients can lower costs are cost effective since the patients would less likely require

Perl Harbor(Japanese-American Relationship) Research Paper

Perl Harbor(Japanese-American Relationship) - Research Paper Example A similar reaction of racism towards a group of people can be seen from the events of September 11, 2001. Because the terrorists were from the Middle East, many Middle Eastern Americans have been singled out by other Americans and treated poorly. The attack by the Japanese on the American naval base Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, will forever be known as â€Å"a day that will live in infamy.† The decision by the Japanese to attack the United States on their own soil has often been referred to as â€Å"awakening a sleeping giant.† This attack prompted the United States to declare war with Japan. The Japanese-American relationship went from somewhat peaceful to in a state of war almost overnight. The only response the United States could have had was to declare war on Japan. The book Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet by Jamie Ford provides a fictional, personal account of the strained relationship between the Japanese and Americans at the beginning of World War I I. In the book, a young Henry Lee becomes friends with a Japanese American girl named Keiko Okabe. He is from China but she was born in the United States. After the events of Pearl Harbor, the setting of the book in Seattle has grown anti-Japanese. Keiko and her family are sent to an internment camp because they are Japanese in origin. The fictional novel shows the widespread panic by Americans toward other Japanese Americans during this time period. After America declared war on Japan, Americans started to lose trust in their Japanese immigrant friends and neighbors. The solution was to force the Japanese immigrants into internment camps in order to prevent any spies from assisting Japan. This solution was the result of fear, misinformation, and overall ignorance from the American people and government. Two months after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an order that forced Japanese Americans to move to internment camps (Peterson 16). Betwee n 1942 and 1945, an estimated 117,000 Japanese Americans lived in these camps. After an estimated 3,500 Americans died during Pearl Harbor, and America declared war immediately on Japan in response (Tunnell 1). In his book about Japanese internment camps, Tunnell explains the reaction by Americans to their friends and neighbors who happened to be Japanese: â€Å"Fiery patriotic propaganda against Japan filled newspapers and radio broadcasts, and many Americans were overcome by an irrational hatred of anything Japanese- including fellow Americans who wore Japanese faces (1).† America has many immigrants, and in 1941 there were many immigrants who had come to America from Japan. The problem was that they â€Å"looked like the enemy† (Tunnell 2). Racism towards Japanese Americans prior to the attacks on Pearl Harbor was not uncommon: In the Pacific States, they were not even allowed to own land or marry outside their race- in a country established by immigrants, no less! It was not uncommon to see billboards during the 1920’s, 1930’s, and early 1940’s on the West Coast that read ‘Japs, don’t let the sun shine on you here. Keep moving,’ or ‘Japs keep moving. This is a white man’s neighborhood. (Tunnell 3) Many Americans were unexplainably racist to Japanese immigrants prior to the events of Pearl Harbor. The term â€Å"Japs† was a derogatory term for the Japanese people. Then, when Japan attacked Pearl

Nursing Theory Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Theory - Article Example Moreover, the key purposes nursing theories emphasized overproviding specific guideline for establishment of nursing knowledge and practice. Moreover, nursing theories serve as a tool for determining the roles and responsibilities that are associated with specific job role, such as intensive care by nurses and further outline the reasons behind performing such roles. Nursing theories serve several purposes and are attributed to a number of characteristics that makes it necessary to ensure that people engaged in nursing and healthcare profession are able to understand such theories and implemented for providing superior care to the patients. An understanding of the nursing theories is important since they are associated with providing specific path for developing the nursing practice and knowledge and further assist in fostering of successive knowledge regarding various dimensions underlying in the nursing practices. Additionally, the prime necessity behind understanding of nursing theories is that they help in developing successive understanding variables associated with health, human beings and environment (Crossan & Robb, 1998). In self-practice while performing the job role of an intensive care nurse, knowledge regarding nursing theories is regarded to be highly essential and provides a definite path to perform the nursing tasks. Moreover, substantial level of knowledge regarding nursing theories enables healthcare executives to gain deeper understanding of the job responsibilities and further helps in taking effective decision-making while practicing. Moreover, in actual scenario, nursing practices is associated with development of substantial understanding of the factors related to nursing, such as performing job roles effectively, and ensuring patient care amongst others, which are determined with the help of knowledge established through nursing theories (Sousa & Hayman, 2002). The online journal of ‘Nursing Theory Development’ published

African religion and christianity Essay Example for Free

African religion and christianity Essay Although Africa was not a plain or bear continent, Africans had their way of life, structure of government, religion, economic activities, education,systems of marriage and development plans for their societies, nevertheless the British brought their systems which conflicted with Africans established way of life, this was because the British, as many other European powers were economically depressed and Africa appeared to be the only way out.The British wanted to pass the three C’s; Commerce, that is to make money through acquisition of free labour form Africans, raw materials for their industries as industrial revolution back in Britain was rapidly taking place, market for their surplus production; Christianity to save Africans as alluded in the Gospel of Saint Mark 16 versus 5 Go ye to the entire world, baptizing all men in the name of Jesus. †Explorers such as David Livingstone, Vasco Da Gama, Portuguese Diego Cam and Arabs with Muslim faith had missionary zeal. The last C is for Civilization, they wanted to civilize Africans in terms of education, culture and many other aspects I will bring out later in this essay. RELIGION Black`s Law Definition of religion; This is man`s relation to Divinity, reverence, worship, obedience, and submission to mandates and precepts of supernatural or superior beings. In a broad sense, it includes all forms of belief in the existence of superior beings exercising power over human beings by volition, imposing rules of conduct with future rewards and punishments. AFRICAN RELIGION Awolalu defines African religion as â€Å"†¦largely written in the people’s myth and folktales, in their songs and dances, in their liturgies and shrines and in their proverbs and pithy sayings. It is a religion whose historical founder is neither known nor worshipped; it is a religion that has no zeal for the membership drive, yet it offers persistent fascination for Africans, young and old.† The African traditional religion was not homogeneous as the communities had different ethnic background thus the religious practices such rituals varied one community to the other. It is worth noting that it was oral, not scripted or written and was passed from one generation to the other by word of mouth as I earlier alluded in the Awolalu definition of religion. Within their organized societal structures, Africans believed in supernatural beings together with ancestral spirits.The ancestral spirits were believed to link the living societal members to the gods. We all agree that one cannot talk about African religion without African values as they are intertwined and inseparable. African religion was embedded in moral values or codes or standards which were believed to originate from God through the ancestral spirits, these values when followed or observed one would be rewarded with maybe good harvest from their cultivation of land or increased number of a flock of cattle. When these values have violated the culprits were reprimanded, for instance, adultery was highly condemned therefore in case a member engaged in it he or she could be punished by God through the ancestral spirit. This punishment could be through the infliction of sickness to the culprit or barrenness. The concept of values is a vital point as one talks of the African religion. African religion is drawn from the African values. The African religion had some institutions which presided over religious functions, these institutions were believed to communicate directly to ancestral spirits (living dead) who in turn would communicate to the gods and grievances of the living societal members would be heard. In the Kenyan context, these institutions include Orkoyot of the Nandi, Oloibon of the Maasai, Seers, Diviners, and Rainmakers depending on the ethnic communities which they came from. These institutions apart from the veneration of the ancestors, they blessed warrior before going for war, advised the political leaders, offered sacrifice to god and conducted rituals for the culprits who violated moral values in the community. The gods had some specific names for instance, in Kenyan context, we had Enkai for the Maasai, Encore for the Abagusii, Mulungu for Akamba, Asis the Nandi, Ngai for the Agikuyu and Nyasaye for the Luo. There were specific worship places which were regarded as holy, this places included shrines, mountaintops some special trees such as mugumo, hills, and some caves. The diversity of the names given to gods and places of worship, show the lack of uniformity in the African Religion. This concludes that Africans were of different ethnic background and had their own religion, gods, and religion as a community. CHRISTIANITY This is a religion based on the life, teachings, and practices of the person of Jesus Christ. The origin of Christianity is drawn from a character, believed to be the Son of God. It is a religion more about the relationship between one and Jesus rather religious practices. A Christian, as the name suggests is a follower of Christ. The origin of Jesus of extra-ordinary or Supernatural happening as it is believed He was conceived by the power of Holy Spirit and born of a Virgin. This small description ascertains the definition of religion as I had earlier defined it. Christianity is practiced through reading the Bible and attendance of services for the Protestants and Mass for the Catholics. The religion is scripted or written in the Bible which is the reference for all who ascribe to Christianity. It contains all the rules guidelines, commands that Christians should observe their entire life. These guidelines govern human relationship to one another and their relationship to their God.there no diverse Christians as all of them draw their beliefs from Jesus Christ through reading and exercising their beliefs from the Bible.Christianity is a homogeneous religion or rather uniform. There are institutions such Priests, Bishops and Catholic Fathers who lead other Christians in worship. These people undergo theology training for them to undertake their duties. There are specific places of worship where Christians congregate. These places are Churches or Chapels. THE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES. They mainly to spread Christianity and Commerce†¦Dr. David Livingstone, I go back to Africa to make an open pass for Christianity and Commerce.† The first encounter is dated from the 15th Century. The Portuguese Christianity introduction to Africans in the East African Coast. This, however, had very little success. By 19th Century Christian missionaries arrived in East Africa they included: 1.The Holy Ghost Fathers 2.The Church Missionary Society 3.The Methodist Fathers 4.The Mill Hill Fathers THE ENCOUNTER I) Source/origin of Religion The Africans believed that their religion was sourced from god, who they believed long before their ancestors’ existence. The British Missionaries conflict with Africans by telling them about the existence of a God who had a son and lived among us many years ago. The religion of British was written (Bible) thus one had to have the ability to read and write in order to understand it, whereas that of African was passed from generation to generation by oral tradition. There is an introduction of a new system of identifying the origin of religion which conflicts with the African system. II) Places of worship The Africans revered in special caves, Mountaintops, hills, Forests, Special trees (mugumo) and shrines. The British tell Africans that they should worship God places called Churches. This encounter shows that there is a bit of clashing as the African places were very clearly defined and preserved by the community members. The British also seized African land to construct churches or chapels, Africans, as a result, became very hostile as they had distinct worship places which occurred naturally. They believed that their land was for cultivation and a gift from their gods. III) The Practices of Religion The Africans practiced their religion by reverence to their ancestors, offering human and animal sacrifices and invoking the ancestral spirits. They offered sacrifices in order to get favors in terms of harvest. The African worship was communal that is, all community members used to convene to pray for rain and ask for the wellness of the community. The British religion had an aspect of confession of one`s sins before worship, repentance, and forgiveness of sin are granted. This aspect of forgiveness of sins lacks in the traditional African religion, one had to be punished for wrongdoing. British missionary religion brings out an aspect of offerings in terms of money and tithe which is ten percent of one`s total earnings. IV) Religious leaders In African religion, worship was led by Diviners, Rainmakers, and Seers who were considered righteous. The work of religious leaders was taught through apprecentiship and was hereditary from specific clans in the community. There were certain clans from whom diviners would descend. They were highly respected in the community. The British Christian religious leaders attend school to be trained mainly on theology. They study formalities of worship and nature of God. Any member of Christian family can become a religious leader although there are some myths which say one has to be ‘called’ by God. The Christian leader has to have the ability to read and write so as to pass the scriptures to his congregation. V) Uniformity of Religion As I handled earlier in this essay, the African traditional religion was diverse from one ethnic community to the other due to the linguistic differences, migration patterns and origin. Christianity is introduced as a homogeneous religion as the author of it is Jesus Christ, a common ancestry and reference point for all Christians. The diversity of worship is dismantled by the British introduction of this even religion. As I have pointed above there are distinct differences between Traditional African Religion and the British Christianity and how both systems fought to outdo the other. The African religion had deep roots in the society as it was passed orally through stories, myths, riddles and proverbs which were very appealing to the audience. These deep roots were however uprooted as change is inevitable in every circumstance. As an old adage, ‘one man’s meat is another man’s poison.’ The British struck the Africans struck back but were easily overpowered, and gave in. The British were gradually using religion as a tool to pass several other systems to the Africans. Education which traditionally was based on oral tradition was easily eliminated as most Africans wanted to quench their thirst for knowledge, for those who resisted religion soon began to embrace this Whiteman’s way of worship.

EUROPEAN DISEASES Essay -- essays research papers fc

The greatest adversary to the natives in the Americas was not the swords or guns of the invaders. It was the devastation brought by deadly diseases infecting an unsuspecting population that had no immunity to such diseases. The Europeans were said to be thoroughly diseased by the time Columbus set sail on his first voyage (Cowley, 1991). Through the domestication of such animals as pigs, horses, sheep, and cattle, the Europeans exposed themselves to a vast array of pathogens which continued to be spread through wars, explorations, and city-building. Thus any European who crossed the Atlantic was immune to such diseases as measles and smallpox because of battling them as a child. The original inhabitants traveled to the New World in groups of a couple hundred each. Because microbes such as the ones that cause measles and smallpox need populations of several million to survive, the original populations were unaffected by the deadly diseases. However, by the time Columbus arrived, the major Indian groups of Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas had built their populations up enough to sustain mass epidemics. Evidence shows that these populations suffered from such diseases as syphilis, tuberculosis, a few intestinal parasites, and some types of flu, but not the diseases that had been infecting the Old World for centuries. Thus when the Europeans arrived bringing diseases such as smallpox, measles, whooping cough, etc. the natives were immunologically defenseless (Cowley, 1991). It is believed that 40 million to 50 million people inhabited the New World before the arrival of Columbus and the Europeans, and that most of them died within a few decades. For example, Mexico's population fell from about 30 million in 1519 to 3 million in 1588. The other South and Central American countries as well as the Caribbean islands suffered the same devastation (Cowley, 1991). Mass epidemics were virtually unknown in the New World prior to the invasion of the Europeans. Aside from their lack of immunity to the pathogens, another factor in the rapid spread of the diseases could have been the weariness of the Indian populations. Due to their recent conquest and oppression by the Spaniards, the Indians were probably too tired to fight the infections. One thing that must be noted is that contrary to popular belief, infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc. are not desig... ...o be like syphilis in that it was haunting isolated populations before becoming global. And just as syphilis was carried globally by ships; jet planes and world-wide social changes have brought AIDS out of isolation. Like smallpox and other infectious diseases in the 16th century and AIDS in the 20th century, what new disease will hit and destroy unsuspecting populations? BIBLIOGRAPHY Cowley, Geoffrey. "The Great Disease Migration." Newsweek (Special Issue, Fall/Winter 1991) pp. 54-56 Crosby, Alfred W. Jr. The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, Westport: Greenwood Press, 1972 Assignment: Write a short review of this paper for class on Friday. In addition, overwhelming historical evidence suggests that the greatest rates of morbidity and death from infection are associated with the introduction of new diseases from one region of the world to another by processes associated with civilized transport of goods at speeds and over distances outside the range of movements common to hunting and gathering groups. (excerpt from book of same title: pp. 131-141) Cohen, M. Health and the Rise of Civilization. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

What was Ednas Awakening? Essay -- Literary Analysis, Kate Chopin

The roles we fill in society are what define us as a person. Many times, we do not choose our own place, but we still are obligated to fill it. Some societies have limited roles, especially for minorities such as blacks, women, and so on. However, in a society with an endless number of options, where people are free to be anything they want to be, how is it that one-woman still feels lost? Kate Chopin's book, The Awakening, tells the story of just that. A woman named Edna Pontellier is 28 years old living in New Orleans at the end of the 19th century. Unlike her old home in Kentucky, the Creoles are free to be what they will. The only stipulation is once you have chosen that role it is expected of you to obey it. In Edna's case, once she has picked her poison she is forced to drink it. Edna walked through her life almost asleep, going through the motions. After six years of marriage and two children, she suddenly realizes she has not been living at all. She struggles des perately to gain her independence and find who she really is. By the end, Edna has crossed a number of social taboos to the tragic end of suicide. Did Edna ever fully awaken herself by drowning at sea, or was it fear of failure that brought Edna to killing her self? This argument should start by explaining why Edna needed to have an awakening in the first place. Looking at the culture, she should have already been awakened. However, the strict up bringing by her father determined her path until she was aware enough to know it. Edna joined Madame Ratignolle for a walk down the beach. While sitting somberly in the shade, Ratignolle asked Edna what was on her mind. Loosing track of her thoughts, they wandered to an old memory of her life in Kent... ...uts herself back in the same place she was. This idea of a partner is not just a little voice in her head; it is something she actively pursues with Robert, pleading to him "We shall be everything to each other" (147). This uncontrollable desire to become one with Robert is what turns her to suicide. When he leaves for Mexico Edna is alone and understands how much Robert was a part of her life for she was, "under the spell of her infatuation . . . The thought of him was like an obsession, ever pressing itself upon her . . . It was his being, his existence, which dominated her thought" (73). Robert leaves for good because he does not want to rune her marriage. Edna realizes that no matter how much power and independence she gained, life was not worth living if Robert, who was the one who helped her change in the first place, was not there to share it with.

A leadership paper on Abigail Adams Essay

Abigail Adams, an active letter writer, early feminist, and patriot, was an inspiring leader who used her intelligence and wit to open the doors for many significant things to come. Her accomplishments as a leader will never be forgotten and are very well respected. Every historical figure can be evaluated in different ways, using different criteria; but most people will agree that Abigail Adams contributed greatly to history, in providing both documentation and leadership. In assessing a leader, their use of determination can help prove if they are average or superior. Determination is firmness in purpose and having a fixed intention. Individuals who are determined are motivated and can get things done under any circumstance; being able to do that is crucial to being an effective leader. An example of a determined leader would be George Washington. During the Revolutionary War he took on the role of commanding the continental army; when things were looking bleak his determination led him to make a decision to lead a surprise attack, which was a major turning point in the war. Even though things were tough, he did not give up or let his objective slip away. Another leader who illustrates success fueled by determination was Thurgood Marshall. His willpower helped in many ways; he won 29 of the 32 cases he argued in front of the Supreme Court. Because he was black, he encountered many problems that he had to overcome by determination on his way to becomin g a Supreme Court Justice. His accomplishments showed that determination prevailed during his entire life . Determination was also prevalent all throughout Abigail Adams’ life. She was very determined to share her opinion and supported it well. When she wrote letters to her friends and family she discussed her beliefs and shared her knowledge with them. â€Å"I am more convinced that man is a dangerous creature, and that power whether vested in many or a few is ever grasping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Adams 1776). Her modern thoughts and ideas alarmed some, but she was determined to express her feelings anyways. When Adams wrote her husband asking him to â€Å"remember the ladies† his reply was â€Å"As to your extraordinary code of laws, I cannot but laugh†(Adams 1774). Despite the ridicule, she wrote him again numerous times about the issue at hand without any bitterness or resent. Abigail Adams had to go through many things throughout her lifetime, in  which determination was necessary. She had to spend long periods away from her husband while he was away for business; during those times she took care of the children and their farm, sometimes even providing the family income. Her determination and intelligence helped her carry out these task. Another important trait that leadership demands is knowledge. Knowledge is familiarity, awareness, or understanding gained through experience or study. A leader must be knowledgeable in general and regarding the specific issue at hand. It is not possible to lead anything if you are not familiar with what the concerns really are. Having knowledge about the subject can help influence people and get them to respond to the cause. Albert Einstein was a very knowledgeable leader. His theories and findings furthered many world-changing experiments and events. One of his most important discoveries is the one that sparked the creation of the disastrous atomic bomb. In addition to Albert Einstein, Abraham Linclon was a knowledgeable leader during the Civil War. He used his knowledge to see the big picture, which helped the north work towards their goals in the war; in the end, he accomplished them and was successful. Lincoln’s knowledge was a vital factor leading them into triumph. Although Abigail Adams had little formal education, she was intelligent and open-minded. She demonstrated knowledge when she voiced her political concerns in letters to her husband John Adams. â€Å"If a form of government is to be established here, what one will be assumed? Will it be left to our assemblies to choose one? And will not many men have many minds? And shall we not run into dissensions among ourselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Adams 1774). She goes on to support her opinion in a way only someone familiar with his or her subject can do. Her husband was continually impressed with her political advice and opinion; he wrote to her in one letter, â€Å"I think you shine as a sates woman of late as well as a farmeress†(Adams 1776). Even when Abigail was in Paris, where she joined John Adams at his diplomatic post, she broadened her knowledge by reading French literature and forcing herself to write down every word that was unknown. Knowledge was one of Adams stronger leadership tr aits, ultimately contributing to her becoming the remarkable leader she was. A requirement of superior leadership is assertiveness. Assertiveness is shown in a person who is fearless and daring. Being bold shows how far someone will go to get their point across and how much they are willing to risk. In certain situations a leader might be put in, being daring is key. It shows brave and courageous characteristics. Medgar Evers was a very assertive leader. Being known as on of the most vocal members of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) he led peaceful marches, boycotts, vigils, and picket lines in support of his cause. Another leader that showed a lot of assertiveness was Malcolm X. His beliefs of separatism, black pride, and the use of casual violence to prove these beliefs were very bold. Malcolm X’s assertiveness was definitely his one of his assets. Being bold was a strong point for Abigail Adams. She was ahead of her time and made sure people knew how she felt about women’s rights, slavery, and politics in general. She went as far as to write her husband at the constitutional convention and tell him her thoughts and possible actions. † If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to formant a rebellion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Adams 1776). Adams fearlessly expressed her opinions in private as well as public. Being a man and sharing your beliefs in such a way was considered bold, but to be a woman at that time and do that was almost unheard of. Abigail Adams even went as far as to write the president, Thomas Jefferson, in response to his attack on her husbands â€Å"midnight appointments†. Abigails daring and fearless actions in situations undoubtedly gave her an advantage in being leader. A leader would not be complete without demonstrating the use of some kind of strategy. Strategy is a plan of action that intends to accomplish a specific goal. The key to getting things accomplished is the use of tactics and planning. They must be able to plan some strategy to succeed in attaining their goals, if not they will struggle to get things done. Both General George Patton and Martin Luther King Jr. were exceptionally tactful. General Patton was strategic in his military affairs, which led to many victories. In the summer of 1944, George Patton took the Third Army and broke through the German defenses in the Normandy campaign. Martin Luther King Jr. held  strong beliefs in peace during the civil rights movement; this was a very difficult thing to do because this time was extremely violent and it was hard to express your point without using some sort of violence. He had to be very tactful; he held peaceful rallies and marches, also giving many speeches to rise above and acc omplish what he did. Although both men’s strategies were completely different, they still illustrated successful strategic method. The strategic qualities of Abigail Adams were primarily focused on her words and in how she made her point. Adams really did not show many strategic moves concerning intense action, but in her letters and arguments, she had a tactful way of writing things. In her letter to Thomas Jefferson, written to defended her husband’s actions, she strategically showed her point. â€Å"You have been pleased to enter upon some subjects which call for a reply†¦As this act, I am certain, was not intended to give any personal pain or offense†¦but the different political opinions which have so unhappily divided our country must have given rise to that idea† (Adams 1804). Abigail made her point as well as looking classy and intelligent in doing so. In all of her correspondence, she tackled arguments and writing in general strategically with elegance and style. Desire is another characteristic that fuels effective leaders. The intense want of something is desire. When people want or desire something, they work hard to get it completed. The more aspiration a leader has, the more likely it is they will achieve their goals. Just wanting something is enough to drive people to victory. The colonist in early America yearned for freedom from Britain. Even though Britain had the most powerful army in the world at that time, the desire of the colonist pulled them through the war to success. Mother Teresa also showed much desire for her cause. She was very dedicated and wanted to assist people in any way possible. Driven by desire, Mother Teresa accomplished many great things in her lifetime and helped many people despite the fact she was only one person. The desire held by Abigail Adams for her cause was not shown in actions, but in her sacrifices and the bold sharing of her feelings. When she wrote  something as motivating as â€Å"We have too many high sounding words, and too few actions that correspond with them†(Adams 1784), she showed her patriotic desire, the desire for her country to succeed. She felt so strongly about her aspirations that she risked her reputation and respect from certain people just to share her opinion. Abigail sacrificed a lot for her husband and his career. During times when John Adams was gone, she struggled with wartime shortages and inflation, ran her family’s farm with little help, and taught her five children when formal education was inconsistent. Although Adams showed a more passive desire, it is still very much there and a part of her leadership. Abigail Adams showed many important leadership characteristics and is considered a great leader with many achievements. Thousands of her letters have recorded the history throughout the building conflict of the American Revolution. Adams became a trusted and influential confident to her husband. Her thoughts and feelings on slavery, women’s right, and education were ahead of her time. Even though Adams did not provide any immediate change in the way women were dealt with or perceived, her analytical standpoint concerning the role of women definitely stirred things up. Thanks to Abigail Adams’ leadership, the women that followed her brought about lasting change. Although she was not appreciated for her many accomplishments at the time of her life, she is now celebrated as the significant leader she was. â€Å"Leadership is practiced not so much in words as in attitude and in actions.†